This simulation demonstrates the working of a full-wave rectifier using a center-tapped transformer and two diodes. The AC input signal from the transformer’s secondary winding is divided into two equal halves, each feeding one diode. During the positive half cycle, the upper diode conducts, allowing current through the load resistor in one direction. In the negative half cycle, the lower diode conducts, again passing current through the load in the same direction. As a result, both halves of th

This simulation compares three half-wave rectifier circuits. The first one uses only a diode and a 100 kΩ load, so the output is just positive pulses that follow the AC peaks. The second circuit adds a 100 nF capacitor across the load. Because the value is small, the capacitor charges at each peak but discharges quickly, creating a large ripple with a slowly falling exponential shape. The third circuit uses a 100 µF capacitor, which stores much more charge. It holds the peak voltage for a longer