R 语言长期专注于统计计算和数据分析，是 Python 在数据科学领域最直接的竞争者，虽然近几年 Python 凭借工程化与 AI 生态明显占优，但 R 近期明显回暖，已连续多月重返 TIOBE 前十。

A boom in machine-learning applications continues to drive up the popularity of 27-year-old Python, so much that it could soon outrank 33-year-old C++ on TIOBE's programming language index. Python's ...