Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of state observation techniques specifically designed for positive systems, which represent non-negative natural processes prevalent in various fields.

Abstract: Most existing back-electromotive-force (EMF) observer necessitates a phase-locked loop (PLL) for real-time observer parameter updating, i.e., the rotor’s angular speed. However, the observer ...

A significant milestone in the rare coin market was reached recently with the sale of the 1804 Draped Bust silver dollar for $6,000,000. The transaction, concluded during a major winter showcase ...