Data Normalization vs. Standardization is one of the most foundational yet often misunderstood topics in machine learning and ...
Abstract: With the rapid development of online education and adaptive learning systems, personalized learning path recommendation has become an important research direction in educational ...
Abstract: The K-nearest neighbors (kNNs) algorithm, a cornerstone of supervised learning, relies on similarity measures constrained by real-number-based distance metrics. A critical limitation of ...