Abstract: In the manufacturing process of hot-rolled steel strips, various mechanical forces, and environmental conditions can cause surface defects, making their detection crucial for ensuring ...

Rare-earth magnets are essential for electric motors in vehicles, drones, and trains, forming the backbone of modern, environmentally friendly mobility. These are not simple blocks of metal, but ...

Abstract: Diagnosing interconnect line defects becomes increasingly challenging in advanced chiplet integration due to the immaturity of fabrication processes, reduced interconnect spacing, and ...