Curious how the Caesar Cipher works? This Python tutorial breaks it down in a simple, beginner-friendly way. Learn how to encode and decode messages using one of the oldest and most famous encryption ...

1 Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China 2 Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ...

According to @BitMEXResearch, a 64 byte Bitcoin transaction can be confused with an intermediate hashing step in Bitcoin’s Merkle tree because both are 64 bytes, creating a vulnerability that can be ...

Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) is a widely used technique in Transformers, influenced by the hyperparameter theta (θ). However, the impact of varying *fixed* theta values, especially the trade-off ...

Language modeling plays a foundational role in natural language processing, enabling machines to predict and generate text that resembles human language. These models have evolved significantly, ...

We present the B-spline Encoded Action Sequence Tokenizer (BEAST), a novel action tokenizer that encodes action sequences into compact discrete or continuous tokens using B-splines. In contrast to ...

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce an Optimized Byte Pair Encoding (OBPE) tokenizer where the algorithm is optimized for the South African languages, including Sesotho, Setswana, Xhosa, Xitsonga, ...