X-ray crystallography, like mass spectroscopy and nuclear spectroscopy, is an extremely useful material characterization technique that is unfortunately hard for amateurs to perform. The physical ...

Crystallography let scientists see materials as systems of ordered atoms, turning materials research into a predictive science. In revealing how atomic arrangements govern strength, conductivity, and ...

XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...