You could do worse than to confuse the meanings of "code" and "cipher"—even cryptographers sometime use the terms as though they had the same meaning. There is, however, a definite distinction between ...

The concluding words of Unsolved! are a call to action. Craig Bauer, a US mathematician and editor-in-chief of the journal Cryptologia, ends his hefty history of cryptography by noting that even as he ...

The theory that statesman and scientist Francis Bacon was the ghostwriter behind Shakespeare, and embedded the Bard's plays with ciphers, had a major influence on modern cryptography. William F.

In Part I, you broke a simple cipher. Now try creating a more complex cipher. Cut out the NOVA Decoder Ring and NOVA Cipher Code Ring and the window marked INDEX. You are now going to put this simple ...