As math gaps continue to widen in many grades, educators face an uphill battle to help students regain ground in the subject. Following historic math declines on the Nation’s Report Card in 2022, a ...

Few elementary education programs give future teachers enough exposure to foundational math concepts, like number sense and algebraic reasoning, before they reach the classroom. That’s the upshot of a ...

What mathematical knowledge do elementary teachers use in teaching? About 10 years ago, Deborah Ball and her colleagues at Michigan State University carried out a research project to address this ...

On their first day in second grade, 200 Urbana, Ill. schoolchildren were told to add 19 and 3. None got it; a large and desperate proportion of them answered “112,” apparently thinking “‘ plus 3 is 12 ...